{ "schema_version": 1, "dataset": "home-energy/propane-vs-natural-gas", "title": "Propane vs natural gas: cost per home by state", "page_url": "https://infohelper.net/home-energy/propane-vs-natural-gas", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "cite": "Cite the page: https://infohelper.net/home-energy/propane-vs-natural-gas", "license_note": "The computed tables are ours, under CC BY 4.0. The underlying EIA and ENERGY STAR data are works of the US government.", "generated_at": "2026-10-22T13:38:07Z", "data_changed_at": "2026-10-22", "content_hash": "sha256:d6cab353c0396fc90890358f648a26ce9ec3f51ae2a969bd77668114c144c789", "changes": [ { "date": "2026-10-22", "text": "First published with prices for the 12 months to Jul 2026." } ], "run": { "suspicious": false, "forced": false, "findings": [] }, "sources": [ { "id": "eia-bulk-elec", "publisher": "U.S. Energy Information Administration", "name": "EIA bulk file ELEC: electricity (Forms EIA-861M / EIA-861)", "url": "https://www.eia.gov/opendata/bulk/ELEC.zip", "page_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/browser/", "last_updated": "2026-09-23T17:01:12-04:00", "fetched_at": "2026-10-13T22:45:58Z", "used_for": "residential electricity revenue, sales and price by state, monthly" }, { "id": "eia-bulk-ng", "publisher": "U.S. Energy Information Administration", "name": "EIA bulk file NG: natural gas (Forms EIA-857 / EIA-176)", "url": "https://www.eia.gov/opendata/bulk/NG.zip", "page_url": "https://www.eia.gov/dnav/ng/ng_pri_sum_a_EPG0_PRS_DMcf_m.htm", "last_updated": "2026-10-21T17:51:02-04:00", "fetched_at": "2026-10-22T13:04:04Z", "used_for": "residential natural gas price and consumption by state, monthly and annual; heat content; number of residential consumers" }, { "id": "eia-bulk-pet", "publisher": "U.S. Energy Information Administration", "name": "EIA bulk file PET: petroleum (weekly heating oil and propane prices)", "url": "https://www.eia.gov/opendata/bulk/PET.zip", "page_url": "https://www.eia.gov/petroleum/heatingoilpropane/", "last_updated": "2026-10-21T17:51:02-04:00", "fetched_at": "2026-10-22T13:04:07Z", "used_for": "residential propane and heating oil price by state, weekly, October–March" }, { "id": "energy-star-i97v-e8au", "publisher": "ENERGY STAR (U.S. EPA)", "name": "ENERGY STAR Certified Furnaces", "url": "https://data.energystar.gov/d/i97v-e8au", "page_url": "https://data.energystar.gov/d/i97v-e8au", "last_updated": "2026-10-22", "fetched_at": "2026-10-22T13:38:17Z", "used_for": "efficiency of the certified models" }, { "id": "energy-star-t9u7-4d2j", "publisher": "ENERGY STAR (U.S. EPA)", "name": "ENERGY STAR Certified Residential Clothes Dryers", "url": "https://data.energystar.gov/d/t9u7-4d2j", "page_url": "https://data.energystar.gov/d/t9u7-4d2j", "last_updated": "2026-10-22", "fetched_at": "2026-10-22T13:38:13Z", "used_for": "efficiency of the certified models" }, { "id": "energy-star-pbpq-swnu", "publisher": "ENERGY STAR (U.S. EPA)", "name": "ENERGY STAR Certified Water Heaters", "url": "https://data.energystar.gov/d/pbpq-swnu", "page_url": "https://data.energystar.gov/d/pbpq-swnu", "last_updated": "2026-10-22", "fetched_at": "2026-10-22T13:38:22Z", "used_for": "efficiency of the certified models" }, { "id": "energy-star-w7cv-9xjt", "publisher": "ENERGY STAR (U.S. EPA)", "name": "ENERGY STAR Certified Air-Source Heat Pumps", "url": "https://data.energystar.gov/d/w7cv-9xjt", "page_url": "https://data.energystar.gov/d/w7cv-9xjt", "last_updated": "2026-10-21", "fetched_at": "2026-10-22T13:38:26Z", "used_for": "rated seasonal efficiency (HSPF2), efficiency and heating capacity at 5 °F and 17 °F of the certified heat pumps, as counts of the certified combinations sharing each rating" }, { "id": "eia-recs-2020", "publisher": "U.S. Energy Information Administration", "name": "Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2020, table CE5.4.ST", "url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2020/state/xls/ce5.4.st.xlsx", "page_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2020/index.php?view=state", "last_updated": "2023-06", "fetched_at": "2026-10-22T13:38:41Z", "used_for": "the gas, propane and heating oil an average household burns for space heating, by state" } ], "formula_version": "propane-vs-gas/1", "prices_formula_version": "home-energy-prices/1", "heat_pump_formula_version": "heat-pump/1", "dryer_formula_version": "dryer/1", "water_heater_formula_version": "water-heater/1", "period": { "label": "12 months to Jul 2026", "electricity": { "start": "2025-08", "end": "2026-07", "label": "12 months to Jul 2026" }, "gas": { "start": "2025-08", "end": "2026-07", "label": "12 months to Jul 2026" }, "gas_regression": { "start": "2023-08", "end": "2026-07", "label": "36 months to Jul 2026" }, "winter": { "start": "2025-11", "end": "2026-03", "label": "Nov 2025–Mar 2026" }, "heating_season": { "start": "2025-10", "end": "2026-03", "label": "Oct 2025–Mar 2026" } }, "assumptions": { "home": "One home on both fuels: the average gas-heated household of EIA RECS 2020 in the state, its yearly gas for space heating taken as heat at an 80% furnace, as on the heat pump vs gas furnace page. That heat is priced on a new gas furnace and on a new propane furnace (the median AFUE of the ENERGY STAR certified furnaces burning each), and on a new oil furnace.", "prices": "Heating: last winter's gas price (November–March, the volume-weighted average with the monthly charges in it), as on the heat pump page; propane and heating oil: the mean of EIA's weekly residential prices over the heating season (October–March). Water heater and dryer: the 12-month average gas price, as on their own pages, against the same heating-season propane price. Switching to gas opens a gas account, so the average with the monthly charge is the fair gas price here.", "appliances": "Water heater: the basic 40-gallon gas tank at the federal minimum, 55 gallons of hot water a day, and the same tank burning propane (gas vs electric water heater page). Dryer: the median ENERGY STAR gas dryer, 283 loads a year, and the same dryer on propane (gas vs electric dryer page). Propane appliances are priced at the efficiency of the natural gas ones, an assumption.", "propane_gaps": "EIA collects residential propane and heating oil prices only from October to March and only in some states. A state without a price has no propane or oil figure; no gap is filled.", "tie": "Propane and gas \"cost about the same\" when the two winter bills differ by less than 5% of the gas bill." }, "methods": { "heat": "Heat a winter = the RECS gas-heated home's gas for space heating (million Btu) × 0.80, rounded to 3 decimals (the heat pump page's heat_mmbtu).", "fuel": "Fuel on a new furnace = heat × 1,000,000 ÷ Btu per unit ÷ AFUE, rounded to a tenth: therms of 100,000 Btu, gallons of propane of 91,452 Btu, gallons of heating oil of 138,500 Btu.", "cost": "Cost = fuel × price, rounded to the cent. Propane over gas = propane − gas.", "match": "Propane price that matches gas = gas $ a therm × 0.91452 (therms in a gallon) × propane AFUE ÷ gas AFUE.", "ratio": "Propane heat ÷ gas heat = ($ a gallon ÷ 0.91452 ÷ propane AFUE) ÷ ($ a therm ÷ gas AFUE). Stored to six decimals, rounded once where printed.", "year": "A year of the three = heating a winter + a year of the water heater + a year of the dryer, each at its own price and period." }, "machines": { "gas_furnace": { "label": "Gas furnace, ENERGY STAR certified", "basis": "energy_star_median", "selection": "fuel_type contains \"Natural Gas\"", "afue": 0.96, "afue_min": 0.95, "afue_max": 0.99, "models": 3704, "status": "verified" }, "propane_furnace": { "label": "Propane furnace, ENERGY STAR certified", "basis": "energy_star_median", "selection": "fuel_type contains \"Propane\"", "afue": 0.96, "afue_min": 0.95, "afue_max": 0.99, "models": 3496, "status": "verified" }, "oil_furnace": { "label": "Oil furnace, ENERGY STAR certified", "basis": "energy_star_median", "selection": "fuel_type = \"Oil\"", "afue": 0.87, "afue_min": 0.87, "afue_max": 0.87, "models": 29, "status": "verified" }, "water_heater": { "label": "Gas tank, the basic model", "gallons": 40.0, "gallons_per_day": 55.0, "gas_therms_a_year": 190.99, "propane_gallons_a_year": 208.8, "status": "assumed" }, "dryer": { "label": "Gas dryer, ENERGY STAR certified", "cycles_per_year": 283, "gas_therms_per_cycle": 0.07222, "propane_gallons_per_cycle": 0.07897, "kwh_per_cycle": 0.3115, "status": "unverified" } }, "conversions": { "btu_per_gallon_propane": 91452.0, "btu_per_therm": 100000.0, "btu_per_gallon_heating_oil": 138500.0, "gas_btu_per_cubic_foot": 1037.0, "gas_btu_per_cubic_foot_basis": "US residential natural gas, the volume-weighted heat content of the 12 months of state-prices.json", "therms_per_gallon": 0.91452, "gallons_per_therm": 1.09347, "cubic_feet_per_therm": 96.432015, "therms_per_ccf": 1.037, "rows": [ { "propane_gallons": 1, "btu": 91452.0, "therms": 0.91452, "gas_cubic_feet": 88.189007 }, { "propane_gallons": 10, "btu": 914520.0, "therms": 9.1452, "gas_cubic_feet": 881.890068 }, { "propane_gallons": 100, "btu": 9145200.0, "therms": 91.452, "gas_cubic_feet": 8818.900675 }, { "propane_gallons": 500, "btu": 45726000.0, "therms": 457.26, "gas_cubic_feet": 44094.503375 }, { "propane_gallons": 1000, "btu": 91452000.0, "therms": 914.52, "gas_cubic_feet": 88189.00675 } ] }, "average_home_basis": { "survey": "EIA RECS 2020", "table": "CE5.4.ST Detailed household natural gas, propane, and fuel oil or kerosene end-use consumption in the United States by state—averages, 2020", "released": "2023-06", "furnace_afue_assumed": 0.8, "status": "assumed" }, "energy_star": { "w7cv-9xjt": { "dataset": "w7cv-9xjt", "name": "ENERGY STAR Certified Air-Source Heat Pumps", "rows": 285139, "rows_updated_at": "2026-10-21", "fetched_at": "2026-10-22T13:38:26Z", "from_cache": false }, "i97v-e8au": { "dataset": "i97v-e8au", "name": "ENERGY STAR Certified Furnaces", "rows": 3733, "rows_updated_at": "2026-10-22", "fetched_at": "2026-10-22T13:38:17Z", "from_cache": false }, "t9u7-4d2j": { "dataset": "t9u7-4d2j", "name": "ENERGY STAR Certified Residential Clothes Dryers", "rows": 692, "rows_updated_at": "2026-10-22", "fetched_at": "2026-10-22T13:38:13Z", "from_cache": false }, "pbpq-swnu": { "dataset": "pbpq-swnu", "name": "ENERGY STAR Certified Water Heaters", "rows": 1374, "rows_updated_at": "2026-10-22", "fetched_at": "2026-10-22T13:38:22Z", "from_cache": false } }, "constants": [ { "key": "btu_per_kwh", "value": 3412.0, "unit": "Btu/kWh", "source": "10 CFR 430 Subpart B Appendix D2, eCFR as of 2026-09-01, section 4.4", "source_url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/api/versioner/v1/full/2026-09-01/title-10.xml?part=430&appendix=Appendix%20D2%20to%20Subpart%20B%20of%20Part%20430", "checked_on": "2026-10-13", "status": "verified", "note": "" }, { "key": "btu_per_therm", "value": 100000.0, "unit": "Btu/therm", "source": "EIA, Units and calculators", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/units-and-calculators/", "checked_on": "2026-10-13", "status": "verified", "note": "" }, { "key": "btu_per_gallon_propane", "value": 91452.0, "unit": "Btu/gal", "source": "EIA, Units and calculators", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/units-and-calculators/", "checked_on": "2026-10-13", "status": "verified", "note": "" }, { "key": "btu_per_gallon_heating_oil", "value": 138500.0, "unit": "Btu/gal", "source": "EIA, Units and calculators", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/units-and-calculators/", "checked_on": "2026-10-13", "status": "verified", "note": "" }, { "key": "heating.recs_furnace_afue_assumed", "value": 0.8, "unit": "AFUE", "source": "Model choice: the furnaces behind EIA RECS 2020 gas use are taken at 80%, today's federal minimum", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2020/index.php?view=state", "checked_on": "2026-10-20", "status": "assumed", "note": "RECS reports the gas burned, not the heat delivered. Homes with a 90%-plus furnace need about 15% more heat than this assumes, older ones less; the page says so beside the figures." } ], "not_included": { "switching": "What switching costs: a gas line and meter, converting or replacing appliances. No open source publishes these prices; the page gives payback as a grid for the reader's own quote.", "tank": "Propane tank rental, delivery and minimum-fill charges: not in EIA's price per gallon.", "cooking": "Stoves, ranges and grills: no open dataset gives what a typical one burns a year, so no figure is given.", "summer": "Propane and heating oil prices from April to September: EIA does not collect them.", "tariffs": "Utility gas tariffs and propane contract prices: the figures are state averages." }, "us": { "code": "US", "name": "United States", "slug": "united-states", "electricity_cents_per_kwh": 17.99, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.5754, "gas_estimated_usd_per_therm": 1.1242, "prices": { "gas_winter_usd_per_therm": 1.4115, "gas_winter_period_label": "Nov 2025–Mar 2026", "gas_winter_basis": "last_winter", "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.5754, "gas_basis": "trailing_12_months", "gas_period_label": "12 months to Jul 2026", "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.553, "propane_reason": null, "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 4.011, "heating_oil_reason": null }, "propane_match_usd_per_gallon": 1.290845, "propane_to_gas_heat_ratio": 1.977774, "heating": { "heat_mmbtu": 35.918, "gas_therms": 374.1, "propane_gallons": 409.1, "oil_gallons": 298.1, "gas_usd": 528.04, "propane_usd": 1044.43, "oil_usd": 1195.68, "propane_over_gas_usd": 516.39, "call": "gas", "oil_over_gas_usd": 667.64, "oil_vs_propane": "propane" }, "own_fuel_homes": { "propane_usd": 830.49, "propane_gallons_a_year": 390.3, "propane_heat_mmbtu": 28.558, "oil_usd": 1557.87, "oil_heat_mmbtu": 46.802 }, "appliances": { "water_heater": { "gas_usd": 300.89, "propane_usd": 533.07, "propane_over_gas_usd": 232.18 }, "dryer": { "gas_usd": 48.06, "propane_usd": 72.92, "propane_over_gas_usd": 24.86 } }, "year": { "gas_usd": 876.99, "propane_usd": 1650.42, "propane_over_gas_usd": 773.43, "years_per_1000_usd": 1.292942 }, "band": null }, "states": { "AL": { "code": "AL", "name": "Alabama", "slug": "alabama", "electricity_cents_per_kwh": 16.44, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.7851, "gas_estimated_usd_per_therm": 1.5207, "prices": { "gas_winter_usd_per_therm": 1.6457, "gas_winter_period_label": "Nov 2025–Mar 2026", "gas_winter_basis": "last_winter", "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.7851, "gas_basis": "trailing_12_months", "gas_period_label": "12 months to Jul 2026", "propane_usd_per_gallon": 3.462, "propane_reason": null, "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": null, "heating_oil_reason": "no_eia_series" }, "propane_match_usd_per_gallon": 1.505026, "propane_to_gas_heat_ratio": 2.300293, "heating": { "heat_mmbtu": 22.873, "gas_therms": 238.3, "propane_gallons": 260.5, "oil_gallons": null, "gas_usd": 392.17, "propane_usd": 901.85, "oil_usd": null, "propane_over_gas_usd": 509.68, "call": "gas", "oil_over_gas_usd": null, "oil_vs_propane": null }, "own_fuel_homes": { "propane_usd": 451.1, "propane_gallons_a_year": 156.4, "propane_heat_mmbtu": 11.441, "oil_usd": null, "oil_heat_mmbtu": null }, "appliances": { "water_heater": { "gas_usd": 340.94, "propane_usd": 722.87, "propane_over_gas_usd": 381.93 }, "dryer": { "gas_usd": 50.98, "propane_usd": 91.86, "propane_over_gas_usd": 40.88 } }, "year": { "gas_usd": 784.09, "propane_usd": 1716.58, "propane_over_gas_usd": 932.49, "years_per_1000_usd": 1.072398 }, "band": 1 }, "AK": { "code": "AK", "name": "Alaska", "slug": "alaska", "electricity_cents_per_kwh": 26.85, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.3759, "gas_estimated_usd_per_therm": 1.0753, "prices": { "gas_winter_usd_per_therm": 1.3103, "gas_winter_period_label": "Nov 2025–Mar 2026", "gas_winter_basis": "last_winter", "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.3759, "gas_basis": "trailing_12_months", "gas_period_label": "12 months to Jul 2026", "propane_usd_per_gallon": null, "propane_reason": "no_eia_series", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": null, "heating_oil_reason": "no_eia_series" }, "propane_match_usd_per_gallon": 1.198296, "propane_to_gas_heat_ratio": null, "heating": { "heat_mmbtu": 75.601, "gas_therms": 787.5, "propane_gallons": null, "oil_gallons": null, "gas_usd": 1031.86, "propane_usd": null, "oil_usd": null, "propane_over_gas_usd": null, "call": null, "oil_over_gas_usd": null, "oil_vs_propane": null }, "own_fuel_homes": { "propane_usd": null, "propane_gallons_a_year": null, "propane_heat_mmbtu": null, "oil_usd": null, "oil_heat_mmbtu": null }, "appliances": { "water_heater": { "gas_usd": 262.78, "propane_usd": null, "propane_over_gas_usd": null }, "dryer": { "gas_usd": 51.79, "propane_usd": null, "propane_over_gas_usd": null } }, "year": null, "band": null }, "AZ": { "code": "AZ", "name": "Arizona", "slug": "arizona", "electricity_cents_per_kwh": 15.4, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.9765, "gas_estimated_usd_per_therm": 1.4409, "prices": { "gas_winter_usd_per_therm": 1.7827, "gas_winter_period_label": "Nov 2025–Mar 2026", "gas_winter_basis": "last_winter", "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.9765, "gas_basis": "trailing_12_months", "gas_period_label": "12 months to Jul 2026", "propane_usd_per_gallon": null, "propane_reason": "no_eia_series", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": null, "heating_oil_reason": "no_eia_series" }, "propane_match_usd_per_gallon": 1.630315, "propane_to_gas_heat_ratio": null, "heating": { "heat_mmbtu": 12.85, "gas_therms": 133.9, "propane_gallons": null, "oil_gallons": null, "gas_usd": 238.7, "propane_usd": null, "oil_usd": null, "propane_over_gas_usd": null, "call": null, "oil_over_gas_usd": null, "oil_vs_propane": null }, "own_fuel_homes": { "propane_usd": null, "propane_gallons_a_year": null, "propane_heat_mmbtu": null, "oil_usd": null, "oil_heat_mmbtu": null }, "appliances": { "water_heater": { "gas_usd": 377.49, "propane_usd": null, "propane_over_gas_usd": null }, "dryer": { "gas_usd": 53.97, "propane_usd": null, "propane_over_gas_usd": null } }, "year": null, "band": null }, "AR": { "code": "AR", "name": "Arkansas", "slug": "arkansas", "electricity_cents_per_kwh": 13.43, "gas_usd_per_therm": 2.2084, "gas_estimated_usd_per_therm": null, "prices": { "gas_winter_usd_per_therm": 2.0004, 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} }, "year": null, "band": null }, "WV": { "code": "WV", "name": "West Virginia", "slug": "west-virginia", "electricity_cents_per_kwh": 15.48, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.2695, "gas_estimated_usd_per_therm": 1.0216, "prices": { "gas_winter_usd_per_therm": 1.2214, "gas_winter_period_label": "Nov 2025–Mar 2026", "gas_winter_basis": "last_winter", "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.2695, "gas_basis": "calendar_year", "gas_period_label": "calendar year 2025", "propane_usd_per_gallon": null, "propane_reason": "no_eia_series", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": null, "heating_oil_reason": "no_eia_series" }, "propane_match_usd_per_gallon": 1.116995, "propane_to_gas_heat_ratio": null, "heating": { "heat_mmbtu": 47.91, "gas_therms": 499.1, "propane_gallons": null, "oil_gallons": null, "gas_usd": 609.6, "propane_usd": null, "oil_usd": null, "propane_over_gas_usd": null, "call": null, "oil_over_gas_usd": null, "oil_vs_propane": null }, "own_fuel_homes": { "propane_usd": null, "propane_gallons_a_year": null, 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residential propane price" }, { "state": "AZ", "reason": "no EIA residential propane price" }, { "state": "CA", "reason": "no EIA residential propane price" }, { "state": "DC", "reason": "no EIA residential propane price" }, { "state": "HI", "reason": "no EIA residential propane price" }, { "state": "LA", "reason": "no EIA residential propane price" }, { "state": "NV", "reason": "no EIA residential propane price" }, { "state": "NM", "reason": "no EIA residential propane price" }, { "state": "OR", "reason": "no EIA residential propane price" }, { "state": "SC", "reason": "no EIA residential propane price" }, { "state": "WA", "reason": "no EIA residential propane price" }, { "state": "WV", "reason": "no EIA residential propane price" }, { "state": "WY", "reason": "no EIA residential propane price" } ], "counts": { "states": 51, "oil_states_propane_median_usd_per_gallon": 3.358, "propane_price": 38, "with_both": 38, "propane_dearer": 38, "about_the_same": [], "propane_cheaper": [], "least_extra": "FL", "most_extra": "NJ", "no_propane": [ "AK", "AZ", "CA", "DC", "HI", "LA", "NV", "NM", "OR", "SC", "WA", "WV", "WY" ], "no_propane_dc": true, "no_gas_home": [ "HI" ], "with_oil": 21, "oil_dearer_than_gas": 21, "with_oil_and_propane": 21, "oil_under_propane": [ "CT", "DE", "KY", "ME", "MD", "MA", "NH", "NJ", "NY", "NC", "PA", "RI", "VT", "VA" ], "oil_same_as_propane": [ "IN" ], "oil_over_propane": 6, "gas_winter_earlier": [ "FL", "LA", "ME", "MD", "NM", "NC", "OK", "SC", "WA" ] }, "payback_grid": { "yearly_saving_usd": [ 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1500 ], "extra_cost_usd": [ 1000, 2500, 5000, 7500, 10000, 15000 ], "years": [ [ 5.0, 2.5, 1.7, 1.3, 1.0, 0.7 ], [ 12.5, 6.3, 4.2, 3.1, 2.5, 1.7 ], [ 25.0, 12.5, 8.3, 6.3, 5.0, 3.3 ], [ 37.5, 18.8, 12.5, 9.4, 7.5, 5.0 ], [ 50.0, 25.0, 16.7, 12.5, 10.0, 6.7 ], [ 75.0, 37.5, 25.0, 18.8, 15.0, 10.0 ] ] } }